EDIT: You know, after some time to cool off, Google Authenticator 2FA can still be enabled and isn’t being phased out like the less secure SMS 2FA, so it’s really not the end of the world here. The chance of permanent lockout is avoided, even if the whole Google Prompt system is still wack.
So, when you said "The device has never existed", you realize how that was a bit misleading, right? The way you've been presenting this situation would suggest that Google enabled 2FA in an impossible manner.
The device existed. You ignored the warnings and wiped the device before transferring your authentication elsewhere. There's plenty of things to be critical of Google over, but flagrant user error like this isn't one of them.
There were no warnings, an unlocked bootloader was sold as a feature! The device was not set up for 2FA, it's just shitty design!
Clearly, it was.